Oxford Idea Collective Business Notebook, 8 1/4 x 5 7/8, Double Wire, Case Bound, Black, 80 sheets (56897)

the next steps are rounding and backing and spine lining all these steps are designed constructional integrity to the book rounding is to put a round shape into the spine of the book we gently tap the spine of the book with a hammer as you use your fingers and thumb to pull the upper sections away from the spine if you put a little bit of moisture on your fingers it helps to put pull the sections forward as you tap the spine with a hammer most books say to aim to get a 1/3 of a circle into the shape of the spine but for small books I think this is excessive maybe more of a quarter the shoulders are one and a half times the board thickness so the board that I'm using is two millimeters so I'm going to put three millimeters shoulders on the book backing is the process of putting shoulders on a book it uses some specialized book binding tools backing is usually done in a lying press but I'