DC 3.3V 3.7V 5V 6V to 12V Step up Boost Power Supply Module for Arduino UNO Breadboard Development Voltage Regulator Converter

let's say you just received a couple of solar cells above a maximum output voltage of 0.5 volts per cell which is way too loud to power anything directly so obviously you need to connect them in Sirius in order to increase the voltage but even with 10 of them in serious you only get around 5 volts which is not enough to charge your energy storage in this case a 12 volt lead-acid battery what you need is a boost converter basically an electric circuit that can efficiently step up the 5 volts to 12 volts but the question is how do those work and can we even build one by ourselves let's find out since the boost converter is a switched-mode power supply we obviously need a powerful switch I went with this IOL zetz 40 for an n-channel MOSFETs with a pulldown resistor on the gate in order to control it I use the pwm pin 1 of an 80 tiny 85 that connects to the gate through a 100 ohm resistor t